Valuing Project Achieve

Presentation After years as an educator and chief baffled by the powerlessness to viably follow school and understudy progress, Stacey Boyd and HBS colleague Mandy Lee established Project Achieve, a data the board framework for schools. In a rapidly changing industry with quick moving contenders, Project Achieve meant to utilize driving edge innovation to lessen the remaining task at hand of educators and heads while at the same time keeping guardians and understudies mindful of execution. While trying to raise capital from a variety of financial specialists, Boyd expected to evaluate the firm’s esteem before pushing ahead. Venture Achieve’s Competitive Advantage_ Project Achieve plans to separate itself from its rivals by means of its accentuation on a totally online item and its founder’s information on schools and instructors, its two fundamental upper hands. As the primary mover among altogether electronic items, Project Achieve would like to increase critica l piece of the pie before impersonations of its items show up. Being altogether electronic, the framework was made in a normalized way to permit various schools to have the capacity to utilize the framework and get support all the while. To put it plainly, the firm’s items are particularly versatile. The organization will likewise gather colossal measures of data on understudies, making one more potential income stream from sponsors and substance suppliers. Conceivably, Project Achieve could advance into the operational hub for schools. With high exchanging costs, such a position could be appealing to content suppliers and other likely acquirers. Contrasted with NCS’s SASI and ABACUS, Project Achieve has an increasingly coordinated electronic structure and in particular, is less expensive. Moreover, Project Achieve highlights a simpler format and easy to understand interface contrasted with comparable frameworks like IMSeries. With the possibility to be utilized by executives, educators, guardians, and understudies, Project Achieve might turn into the stage for separation learning and correspondence among the previously mentioned parties. This incompletely settles upon Boyd’s capacity to check the innovation needs in the scholarly world. Fortunately, Boyd’s information on the space is one of the firm’s upper hands. Sadly, the company’s mechanical points of interest will most likely be brief after the item hits the market, since contenders are probably going to copy Project Achieve and furthermore move to ntirely electronic items. Also, the firm’s advertising system relies intensely upon the help of governors, however it is faulty whether the firm has the essential campaigning assets to pick up their help. We additionally question the firm’s capacity to allure schools to purchase its charge based program without a business power. Equivalent Company Analysis Based on Exhibit 3 from the case, Project Achieve has nine open organizations that can be indentified as practically identical. Venture Achieve’s nearest practically identical organizations are Click2learn. com, Learn2. com, and Vcampus. These organizations are generally like Project Achieve in that they are for the most part fundamentally web based learning and preparing courseware. Furthermore, these three organizations are generally new in the commercial center with the most seasoned organization, Learn2. com, opening up to the world mid-year 1994. At last, these three organizations have practically no obligation, like Project Achieve’s dependence on inside financing. Boyd can utilize her examination on tantamount organizations in her valuation of Project Achieve to figure Project Achieve’s beta. The tantamount organizations could likewise be utilized in a products based valuation investigation. Sadly we don’t have a total arrangement of information for each firm’s number of endorsers, else we could have done a valuation dependent on esteem per supporter. _Project Achieve’s Discount Rate_ Boyd should utilize a rebate pace of 19. 0% in her valuation of Project Achieve. This rate was resolved utilizing Achieve’s three most practically identical organizations, Click2learn. com, Learn2. com, and Vcampus. These comparables’ value betas were resolved dependent on the development of the market and friends returns since their beginning. We unlevered these betas and took the middle to assess an industry beta. We expected an advantage beta of 1. 15 (the middle resource beta of the three practically identical organizations) and an obligation beta of 0 (with no enthusiasm bearing obligation) for Project Achieve. Utilizing the 30-year treasury rate (5. 94%) as the hazard free rate on account of Project Achieve’s anticipated life and an authentic 7. 0% advertise chance premium, we determined Project Achieve’s rebate rate at 14. 0%. This rebate rate esteems Achieve as an open organization, practically identical to its open partners. As a non-open beginning up, nonetheless, Project Achieve is unquestionably more dangerous than the more settled comparables examined previously. Along these lines, we included a 5% fire up chance premium to arrive at a proper 19% rebate rate for the valuation of Project Achieve. (See Exhibit #1) Valuing Project Achieve In request to gauge the worth gave by every client type to Project Achieve, we should initially distinguish the breakdown of clients dependent on the probabilities given for the situation, and afterward figure the incomes related with each kind of client. To decide the likelihood of a nonexclusive focused on school falling into any client classification, we made a choice tree. Show #2) Per our investigation, there are five end client states †unending Achieve Express clients, two-year clients of Achieve Express, interminable clients of Achieve Express and Achieve Logic, two-year clients of Achieve Express and Achieve Logic, and focused on schools that didn’t react †all with fluctuating probabilities. Presently furnished with the rate breakdown of clients expected for Project Achieve, to decide t he estimation of every client we should conjecture the incomes related with each sort of client. Show #3) All of the expenses and incomes related with each sort of client are definite in Exhibit #3. In the wake of ascertaining a WACC of 19. 00% and estimating incomes for each kind of client, it is anything but difficult to locate the net present estimation of every client. As anyone might expect, two-year Express clients are the main misfortune producers for the firm, with an estimation of - $386. 63 for every two-year Express client. Ceaseless Express clients, two-year Logic clients, and unending Logic clients are every value $1,315. 79, $15,588. 16, and $44,659. 4 separately. (Show #3) Now that we have determined the worth per client for the entirety of our client arrangements (Exhibit #3), we can apply the probabilities found in our choice tree (Exhibit #2) to locate the general worth per focused on client. Doing as such, we locate that each focused on client has an estimation of $5,102. 49. (Show bit) Going one bit farther, we coordinated the worth per focused on client with the estimated number of clients focused to locate the all out estimation of all of Project Achieve’s focused on clients. Limited at WACC (19. 0%), the entirety of the firm’s focused on clients are in total worth $78,805,398. (Display #5) Using the DCF technique, the after assessment estimation of Project Achieve is $11,991,608. (Show #5) The valuation of Project Achieve is very dangerous considering the reliance of the company’s incomes on client obtaining and maintenance. Moreover, Project Achieve’s charge rate alongside its convey forward loss of $1 million will fundamentally influence its worth. The suppositions utilized in esteeming Project Achieve are: All out assessed overhead costs 1999-2000 are $6,524,826 (case Table A) Total costs increment 20% every year for a long time and after the fifth year costs ascend in accordance with membership base Revenues develop 2% yearly after year 5 (pace of increment for target schools) No swelling considered on development rate on the grounds that descending weight on costs with new market contestants will counter expansion $1 million misfortune acquired to date (will worry about forward in charge concern and increment the estimation of Achieve) 35% expense rate (overlooking devaluation) The Role of Investors Given Project Achieve’s status as a beginning time fire up, its absence of a business power, and its need to create associations with political specialists and schools, the firm requires financial specialists that comprehend new companies and can help advertise its items. Holy messenger speculators like Daniel Eliot don’t appear to satisfy both of these prerequisites. Financial speculators profoundly comprehend new companies and could give a major lump of capital, yet they don’t know schools, their valuation is lower than Jostens’, and they would be no assistance in picking up footing for Project Achieve’s items. Moreover, a VC firm would probably require significantly more control than different kinds of financial specialists. Vital financial specialists are the most convincing. A vital speculator may wish to supplement its own development by coordinating Project Achieve’s new innovation into its business. Since vital speculators are quite often in a similar industry as their objectives, they can regularly help with industry contacts and business ability. For instance, Jostens knows schools, has a business power in the field approaching schools, and offers the best valuation. We would go with Jostens now, maybe getting an investor in a later round. We would likewise remember the chance of selling out to Jostens not far off if Project Achieve’s items gain footing. Potential financial specialists have broadly fluctuating appraisals of the estimation of Project Achieve on the grounds that our valuation has numerous viewpoints. Essentially, various financial specialists may have various gauges of item appropriation rates. As talked about before in the paper, we feel that Boyd is as a rule too much idealistic about the likelihood of schools buying her charge based program without inciting from a business power. Since our valuation is altogether reliant on the probabilities showed in our choice tree (Exhibit

IT Infrastructure Management for Liberty Wines - MyAssignmenthelp

Questions: 1.What business dangers had Liberty Wines faced?2.How does Liberty Wines IT foundation sway its serious advantage?3.How did server virtualization advantage Liberty Wines and the environment?4. What information and IT issues were restricting FinCENs capacity to battle monetary crime?5.Describe the IT overhauls and capacities required by FinCEN so as to accomplish its mission.6.On what does budgetary knowledge depend?7.Why is the capacity to recognize examples and connections basic to national security? Answers: 1. Freedom Wines encountered an immense development in the business and its branch neglected to effectively deal with the expansion in volume of information. The systems were very moderate and required more endeavors on upkeep. This suggested loss of effectiveness of representative, and furthermore influences the center procedures of business, for instance, orchestrate preparing of request and the executives of stock As the administration level isn't given, the customers expect in a fast paced condition or the ability to oblige advancement, they bet loss of future business just as the potential loss of current customers. 2. The decrease of expenses of substitution of equipment, force and cooling helps in improving the flexibility just as steadiness with the assistance of reinforcement framework. This aides in accelerating of the procedure of business that empower the quicker running of application, improvement of the primary concern just as better administrations to the clients are been furnished by representatives with extraordinary profitability (Nguyen, Min Park, 2015). In addition, the development of business in future assists with pleasing quickly just as in a simple way. Upper hands are accomplished by the association by decrease of costs, improvement of administrations and extension for development in future. 3. The decrease of 10 servers to 4 servers among which one of the server is been reserved for the reinforcement framework causes cut in for the force use just as 60 percent expenses of cooling the assists with improving the main concern and the helps to diminish the carbon impression. The activity of use is quicker by better usage that yields in better administrations to the clients and fantastic administration of stock. The expenses of equipment substitutions are been decreased by 69500 dollars just as when required the servers can be incorporated quickly and easily. 4. The report containing the information which the money related organization needs to give to FinCEN is of conflicting quality just as ailing in both normalization and approval. During the dissecting of information FinCEN got confined to straightforward schedules just as little datasets. The agency bombed in leading the examination transversely of gigantic datasets just as they need abilities in proactive dissecting and drifting of expectation. The information detailed was finished by using various frameworks those were disconnected. These issues joined for FinCEN to stand up to the issues in quickly recognizing the developing and inventive dangers just as help with upsetting of criminal ventures. 5. The overhauling of FinCEN in its capacities of examination, framework and databases of Information Technology was finished. The investigation that was overhauled required for better gathering and information breaking down with the assistance of different sources. It additionally encourages them by giving the government, state, administrative specialists just as locally requirement. The investigation of the association in ongoing time have the entrance of improved examination just as abilities of assessment. The updating of database was finished by changing over all the information of eleven years from the framework heritage to new record arrangement of FinCEN. The organization having its updated frameworks helps the association in getting, handling and putting away all the reports of FinCEN electronically. The association discharged FinCEN Query Web-based application. This is a creative device for looking through that is been gotten to by the investigation of FinCEN, implementatio n of law, administrative clients and insight by giving the continuous to getting to the previous eleven years information of Bank Secrecy Act. 6. The reliance of money related insight is on the viable examination of information for recognizable proof of examples just as connections which uncover the illegal movement. 7.The insight has the sped up just as capacity for distinguishing the money related launderers just as fear based oppressor financers. It additionally helps in disturbing each crimes occurring inside the country. Research ongoing money related violations that FinCEN has distinguished and upset. Clarify the job of information investigation in wrongdoing recognition. The crucial the association is to give shield to the money related framework from the budgetary wrongdoing and advance the security inside the countries for examining and dispersing the monetary knowledge. The unit of extortion identification just as inner examiners deals with the information just as the framework and afterward process the discovery of misrepresentation. The administration of continuous aides in dynamic (Cross, 2016). Reference List Cross, C. (2016). Utilizing money related knowledge to target online extortion exploitation: applying a tertiary anticipation perspective.Criminal Justice Studies,29(2), 125-142. Nguyen, T. A., Min, D., Park, J. S. (2015). An exhaustive affectability examination of a server farm connect with server virtualization for business continuity.Mathematical Problems in Engineering,2015.

Dissecting a Great Cover Letter

Dissecting a Great Cover Letter One type of writing that is often requested (and just as often misunderstood) is the cover letter. There are several different reasons why a cover letter can be requested. A common instance is a request for a cover letter in addition to ones resume when applying for a new job. Another type of cover letter request is for college applications and vocational certification programs, as well as for when applying for scholarships, grants, and other types of financial aid.Regardless of its intent, a great cover letter is usually required if you want to enter a new program in college or a new job in the workforce, and care should be taken in how it is written. In order to help you with the cover letter writing process, weve divided the task up into three separate parts that should be addressed individually. In the following article, we will discuss details on writing each part â€" the introduction, body, and conclusion â€" as well as provide two sample cover letters.IntroductionIn the first paragraph, introduce yourself, the position youre interested in, and the fact that youre the perfect candidate for the position or the program (if applying to graduate program).You really cant go wrong with this simple formula as the entire introduction of your cover letter. Oftentimes, the best introductions are those that are short, to the point, and nicely worded. While its understandable that you want to give the reader a sense of who you are within a few paragraphs, keep in mind that friendly, concise communication is generally preferred when the reader is receiving multiple cover letters at once.Heres an example of an effective introductory paragraph:I was very excited to learn about the website content manager position you have available at New Marketing, and I would like to take the opportunity to introduce myself and the reason I believe I would be the perfect fit for your creative team.In the second [and following] paragraph, discuss two to three highlights of your career and achievements that show why you are the perfect candidate for the job or program.Think of this paragraph and the next (if you include it as part of the body) as a best of, highlighting two or three achievements or career milestones that make you the perfect candidate for the position. If youve received any awards in your field, this is where you might mention them. If you have been entrusted with leadership roles, increased sales by a certain percentage, or any similar accomplishment that would make you stand out from other candidates, include those as well.Much of what you should include within the second and third paragraphs will be dependent on the position you are seeking, or the program to which you are applying. You should tailor the body of your cover letter to the highlights of your career and experience that would be best suited for the position or program. If its an academic program youre applying to and youre supplying a cover letter for that, the body of your letter s hould mention any papers youve written and published, or research that youve presented at conferences. Any experience conducting research is going to be useful in academic programs, so the person who will be reviewing your cover letter will want to know the extent of your involvement with conducting, analyzing, and writing about research.If the purpose of your cover letter is to apply for a position at a new company, the body of your cover letter should mention work youve done in the past that has prepared you for the job youre writing about. Particularly if the job is in a creative field, supplying web links to your online portfolio pieces gives the reader a quick, easy way to get to know your work. If the cover letter is to be sent via e-mail, you can link your portfolio directly from the letter.Heres an example of a paragraph that links to your portfolio:Content is more than copy or text, and it includes the whole graphical interface a website user experiences when online. As por tfolio pieces Ive designed personally on Squarespace, including all graphic and copy elements, the following links will give you a brief glimpse of what I can do as a creative on your team: [link here] and [link here].In the third paragraph, close with expressing your interest in speaking with the hiring or admissions committee, in person, to further explain why youre the perfect candidate for the job or graduate program.In much the same way that the introduction was short and to the point, your conclusion should restate your interest in the position and your hope for a face-to-face meeting. Let them know how to contact you and close it with a friendly salutation. This paragraph can be considered a call to action (a term used in marketing circles) in the sense that you are requesting they take action and call you in for an interview to learn more about you and your candidacy for the program or position.Something like this:I have additional examples that showcase the scope of the wor k I do as a creative in the fields of web design and marketing, and I would appreciate the opportunity to speak with you further about why I believe I am the perfect candidate for this position. You can contact me by e-mail at [insert e-mail address here] or by phone at [insert phone number here].Or:Although I have written and published multiple pieces in regional magazines, I am most proud of my research on helping low-level readers achieve freedom to read on their own, without assistance, and to develop a love for the act of reading. I hope to continue conducting this type of research in your esteemed program, and I look forward to speaking with you more about my potential as a graduate student.Cover letter formattingWhen writing a cover letter, it is important to keep in mind the same etiquette used in writing letters to an associate or business. Unless it is specifically requested that your cover letter be written as an e-mail, in e-mail format, think of it as a letter that you would send through the postal service, with the recipients name and address â€" along with your name and address â€" included at the top 1/3 of the page. Use easy-to-read font that is between 10 point and 12 point in size, and avoid using colors other than standard blue, gray, or black, depending on the type of paper you will be printing it on.If the letter will be printed, also be sure that the paper you put it on is clean, white, and doesnt have a lot of distracting marks on it (like some stationery might have).Web design sample cover letterYour NameStreet AddressCity, State ZIP CodeDateRecipients NameTitle (if he or she has one)Street AddressCity, State ZIP CodeDear Hiring Manager*:I was very excited to learn about the website content manager position you have available at New Marketing, and I would like to take the opportunity to introduce myself and the reason I believe I would be the perfect fit for your creative team.With extensive experience writing copy across multiple medi a â€" from online content to publishing in local and regional magazines â€" I believe that I will be able to continue to develop creative work that adds to your reputation in the industry. With a bachelors degree in English and a minor in graphic design, I have demonstrated knowledge that I can span both sides of the creative aisle when helping clients with their online brand reputation and content.Content is more than just copy or text, and it includes the whole graphical interface a website user experiences when online. As portfolio pieces Ive designed personally on Squarespace, including all graphic and copy elements, the following links will give you a brief glimpse of what I can do as a creative on your team: here and here.I have additional examples that showcase the scope of the work I do as a creative in the fields of web design and marketing, and I would appreciate the opportunity to speak with you further about why I believe that I am the perfect candidate for this position . You can contact me by e-mail at [insert e-mail address here] or by phone at [insert phone number here].Sincerely,Your name[*note that it is always preferable to use the name of your intended reader, if you have that information available. If you dont have the information available, sometimes a few phone calls are all it takes to know which exact name to write in the salutation. Dear Sir/Madam is sometimes used, but not preferred, according to most experts. If you can write the readers exact name, your letter will have a better opportunity of having a powerful effect on the reader. Its simply human nature to prefer being addressed by your name.]Admission sample cover letterYour NameStreet AddressCity, State ZIP CodeDateRecipients NameTitle (if they have one)Street AddressCity, State ZIP CodeDear Admissions Committee:Having recently earned my Bachelor of Arts in English from The University of Tennessee, I am interested in applying to your graduate program as a candidate for the Mast ers of Education, with certification to teach English for grades 7-12. I believe that I am the perfect candidate for your program, and I am excited to begin the application process.As an honors award recipient throughout all four years of my undergraduate studies, I have had several opportunities to publish my research and work related to the field of language studies and the English curriculum. The piece that I am most proud of was co-written with Dr. Sarah Helding and entitled, Teaching low-level readers to read through finding what motivates them. This particular study was published in the Journal of American Educators and received glowing reviews from the editors of the journal. The best impact of my research, however, was learning that several school systems in the area, particularly those in urban districts, will be adopting the methods we wrote about in their own classes for struggling readers. Knowing that my research will be put to practical, meaningful use is what encourag es me to continue in this field.Although I have written and published multiple pieces in regional magazines, I am most proud of my research into helping low-level readers achieve freedom to read on their own, without assistance, and to develop a love for the act of reading. I hope to continue conducting this type of research in your esteemed program, and I look forward to speaking with you more about my potential as a graduate student.Sincerely,Your name

Turning My Life Around - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 731 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/09/12 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? Mr. Jimenez ENG 102 12 September 2010 Turning My Life Around I have come across many times in my past where I have failed to make the right decision. I knew right from wrong and didn’t intend on making the wrong choice, but somehow I managed to mess my whole life in an instant. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Turning My Life Around" essay for you Create order This is one time I think I finally made the right choice when dealing with my life. It was going to be a long and hard battle for me to overcome, but I knew that if I put my brain to good use instead of letting it go to waste that I would get a lot further in life than I had got doing the things that I was doing. Re-enrolling into college was the best decision in my life that I have made, which has turned my life around. Losing my daughter, wanting to resolve conflicts between my mother and I, and desperately wanting to quit my drug addiction were just some of the reasons why doing this was a good thing for me to do. One reason it was the best decision to go back to school is because it helped give me a reason to want to quit doing drugs. Drugs are a bad decision. Either way you look at using drugs they have bad results in the end. Problems within the family usually of these end results from the drug usage. Another reason that continuing my education is that there were issues between me and my mother also a result of my drug issue. All we did was argue and fight all of the time. It was starting to get harder and harder to communicate with my mom. Then, when CYFD took my daughter from me things really got bad for me. Then, on May of 2009 CYFD took my little girl. They took custody of my nine year old daughter Marissa. Just the look on my baby’s face was enough for any man or woman to grow weak in the knees. It hurt me so bad to see how all of this had affected her life, which made me realize why choosing college was the best thing in my life for me to do. Re-enrolling into college was the best decision in my life that I have made. I had made a lot of wrong decisions in my life and didn’t want to continue this hard life that I was living and do what was best for my daughter. This is where it was up to me to stop making bad choices and to think like an adult and to be a responsible parent like I should have in the first place. I shouldn’t have let situations in my life get to this point, but I’m only human and humans make mistakes. I had been through a lot of hardships making life harder, putting my daughter through most of them. I was hurting a lot of people and myself in the process. I wanted to make things right with everyone. What was it going to take to make me stop and realize just how bad I was hurting myself and other people by doing what I was doing? I knew it was going to be harder for me to do due to the fact that I was getting older and had wasted a good portion of my life away on drugs, but was willing to do it anyway. School was an option that was open for me, luckily I had one last chance to receive financial aid and I decided to finally go for it. Taking responsibility for my actions is the best possible thing I could have done for myself and now that I am a full time student I feel so much better about myself. I now have the confidence to take life as it comes. College is showing me just how much of a better person I can be and it feels great. I may have made bad choices in the past and have learned from my mistakes, but now I think I finally made the best decision I could ever have made and have been attending college since. Now I can do what I have to do to get my daughter back and to have a normal life like I’m supposed to with a happy ending.

Human Development Is The Roots Of Work Essay - 2284 Words

This paper will present research from a peer-reviewed articles to explain human development in the context of current trends within the selected topic LIFE SPAN and subtopics of infant care, childhood, adolescence, adult and gerontology. Research is important in psychology as it can provide professionals like psychology professionals, guidance counselors, and marketing executives with a baseline of typical and atypical in human behavior . Understanding the aging process is important to a Psychologist, to do this one must research developmental psychology. The research presented in Lifespan theory has led to propositions and arguments, which emphasize, clarify, and articulate important developmental issues. and the topic. briefly describes your topics, (development involves both gain and loss) Thomas, J. E. (2015) states developmental psychology is the roots of work of B.F. Skinner, Jean Piaget, and Erik Erikson, who spread theories of behaviorism, constructivism, and psychosoci al development. The most recent developments in learning theory are multiple intelligences, a theory that attempts to explain the ways in which different individuals learn. Developmental psychology is the branch of psychology that studies the intellectual, social and emotional development of humans. The research that follows will provide a literature review that will address the topic of the paper LIFE SPAN. (Baltes, 1987) states that life-span developmental psychology is the field of psychology,Show MoreRelatedThe Ethics Of Human Systems845 Words   |  4 PagesUnsustainability in the environment stemmed from human assumption, mechanisms, and economics. Human systems are used because they provide consumers with products that it necessary, yet these necessary contraptions are the root cause to an unsustainable environment (Chiras, 2016). 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Electronic Flight Bags is a term used to describe a computer-based system Free Essays

INTRODUCTION Electronic Flight Bags is a term used to describe a computer-based system that replaces or augments the traditionally paper-based reference materials and documents used on a flight deck. EFB comprises of both the harware and software used to provide this service. It however does not include Personal Data Assistants (PDAs), Calculators etc which are personal belongings of crewmembers. We will write a custom essay sample on Electronic Flight Bags is a term used to describe a computer-based system or any similar topic only for you Order Now These personal belongings are tagged Personal Electronic Devices (PED).[1] EFBs were developed in the early 1990s. The market for EFBs underwent a geometric increase after the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) published a circular on EFB giving guidelines for certification, airworthiness and operational approval. [2] Today, EFBs come in a variety of forms with variying software/harware capabilities. They have not only provided the basic information needed on the flight deck but also serve as a medium to communicate new information to the flight deck. The EFB is an integral part of flight operating procedures and full training is required to utilise all its functionalities. The sensitivity of information derived from the EFB cannot be overemphasised and as such care must be taken by its operator to verify that such information are accurate and derived from verifiable and reliable sources. The EFB is manned by an EFB Administrator. EFB Administrator is in charge of the EFB hardware and software. His responsibilities include ensuring that the hardware meets the required specifications and also that the current software applications for maximum yield is installed. He is also in charge of the EFB’s hardware that no unauthorised user accesses it and that no unauthorised user amends information on the EFB’s software. The latest EFB are broad in their mode of operations. They correspond in near real-time to ground structures for example maintenance management, crew roaster and briefing, flight scheduling and safety organization. Pilots could have the capability to annotate and archive electronically distributed flight plans post-flight and read/acknowledge electronic noticies; provide two-way messaging between pilots and ground staff; allows flight support staff to wirelessly transmit last-minute updates or revisions to aircraft anywhere in the world. CLASSIFICATION OF ELECTRONIC FLIGHT BAGS Electronic Flight Bags fall into three hardware classes: Class 1: Considered as a controlled Personal Electronic Devices, these are generally commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS)-based computer systems used for aircraft operations e.g. a laptop or pen tablet PC loaded with appropriate electronic approach plates, charts and other flight planning software. They are portable and are loaded with data (such as chart updates, weather forecasts and flight reports) outside the aircraft and carried on board by the pilot. They are not attached to an aircraft mounting device but can connect to aircraft power through a certified power source. They are normally without aircraft data connectivity except under specific condition. This class of EFB systems do not require airworthiness approval. Class 2: Considered as controlled PED, these are commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS)-based computer systems that have been modified by their resellers to include appropriate software and hardware to enable them work with the avionics, particularly the GPS. They are portable and pilots can take them outside the aircraft, they are connected to an aircraft mounting device during normal operations. They provide access to aircraft data and to an optional airborne network server that can be connected to an Airport Terminal Wireless LAN Unit and satellite avionics as well as the ACARS unit. This class of EFB systems require airworthiness approval. Class 3: These are EFB systems purposely designed and built for use in the cockpit, they are able to access critical systems requiring heavier certification. These: display the aircraft position on airport runways and the position of surrounding aircraft connect to airborne file servers linked to various aircraft communication systems, providing real-time weather information integrate into the airline’s operational systems, providing performance information, technical data and crew information. Applications that run on Electronic Flight Bags The applications run on Electronic Flight Bags are categorized in three software categories which are Type A, Type B and Type C. Type A These include: Static applications, such as document viewer (PDF, HTML, XML formats); Electronic checklists (ECL); Flight Crew Operating Manuals, and other printed documents like airport NOTAM; Flight performance calculation; Type B These include: Non-interactive electronic approach charts or approach charts that require panning, zooming, scrolling; (AC120-76A, App B) Head-down display for Enhanced Vision System (EVS), Synthetic Vision System (SVS) or video cameras; Real-time weather data display, including weather map; Type C Can be used as a Multi-function display (MFD) in at least one case as part of an Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast system. Type C applications are subject to airworthiness requirements, such as software certification. Type C applications must run on Class 3 EFB. BENEFITS OF ELECTRONIC FLIGHT BAGS The following are some of the benefits derived from the use of EFB systems: Weight reduction: The incorporation of EFB systems reduces the amount paper in the cockpit, which decreases weight and cuts down clutter: Indexing: This allows quick and easy access to information Improved maintenance readiness Increased efficiency of operations Improved aircraft-to-ground data transfer that is near real-time, highly resilient and secure Keep information up-to-date, enabling easy document revision (e.g., through wireless data transfer) Reduce time, cost and workload required to update documents Reduce fuel and maintenance costs by using accurate take-off and landing calculations Improve safety and punctuality with onboard performance calculations Increase payload with real-time performance calculations Improve routing decisions by accessing real-time weather information FEATURES OF LATEST TYPES OF ELECTRONIC FLIGHT BAGS Some of the features and advantages of the latest types of EFB systems are: They are designed to offer exceptional readability in all cockpit ambient light conditions for charts, documents, weather data or other electronic data. They increase situational awareness in-flight with en-route, approach charts, moving map display, graphical weather information. Enabling pre-flight scheduling and efficient right of entry to up-to-date aircraft documentation, checklists, and operational scheduling information improves productivity Compact, light weight design enables easy installation in a variety of cockpits. There is also additional line select keys, which the EFB offers a â€Å"film-on-glass† touch-sensitive screen giving pilots a choice when accessing or navigating through EFB software applications The functionalities of the Application Manager capabilities include the following: Electronic Tech Log – this a log with all technical a data entries, pattern of workflow control to guarantee quality of the aircraft release procedure and quick-entry tools for fault logging; ARINC 429 compatible Journey Log – this section of the log keeps records of crew hour, tracking the location and time left on the journey and it also records data and data capture, including ground-service usage, block times and fuel uplifts Flight Library –. There’s a complete navigational support which is reliable and booked marked with search facilities that will reduce pilots’ time to find and access necessary information Flight Folder – this is a folder has capacity for pilots to make notes on and this archive is electronically distributed flight strategy post-flight and read / accept electronic notices; it is also endow with two-way messaging between pilots and ground staff; permits flight support staff to wirelessly transmit last-minute updates or revisions to aircraft anywhere in the world Forms Library – with these flexible data-capture through airline-configured form templates it allows keyboard or pen entry, attachments, comments and pictures; with simple validation rules certify data quality; form data is sent wirelessly to the proper recipient Charts, Weather, and CCTV – An easy and fast integration of specialist tools for performance, charts, weather and closed-circuit TV allow you to change stuff whenever you choose. DISADVANTAGES OF ELECTRONIC FLIGHT CONTROL BAGS Usability: EFB systems come in different shapes and forms and because there are no â€Å"standard† or â€Å"fixed† specifications with respect to dimensions, some may be difficult to use by the pilot during flight. For example, a large flip-top laptop used as EFB may be too bulky and awkward to work with in the cockpit; similarly, a tiny PDA may have a keypad which pose a difficulty in data entry or a screen size too small to be read at a particular distance. Some EFB systems may even have greater advantages in some situations than others. Complexity: EFB systems incorporate several functions into their make up, thus making it complex. This complex nature may make it difficult to use. Some may even require their users to undergo special training sessions before using them. Costs: EFB systems can have high initial/installation costs, especially class 3 EFB. Some EFB systems may require the purchase and installation of additional software to make them work. Legal requirements: Legal issues such as non-interference requirements, evaluation and certification approval have to be taken into account in the use of EFB systems. For example, Class 3 EFB systems are required to meet the same certification requirements of any avionics product. Technical issues: As with almost all electronic devices, some technical difficulties may be encountered in their use e.g. battery life, availability of backlight in case of use in the low lighting conditions, usability in certain weather conditions, etc. Data integrity: Typically, EFB systems accept data as input, processes the data and gives result as output. If the data fed into it is inaccurate, it gives wrong results. FACTORS THAT MAY AFFECT THE SELECTION OF EFB SYSTEMS The non-standard and personalised nature of some of EFB systems can make the process of selection of an appropriate system a challenge. The high initial and/or installation costs of EFB systems do not make this process any easier. While EFB systems are designed to have the primary objective of replacing or augmenting the traditionally paper-based reference materials and documents used on a flight deck, other factors are worth considering before investing in them. Bitterfield (2010) shows a â€Å"decision matrix† which is a compilation of factors in the form of questions to consider before selecting an appropriate EFB system: Questions to ask before selecting an EFB system: Initial purchase cost Annual subscription cost Software Features that you must have Flight Planning (on/offline) VFR Charts IFR Charts Low Enroute Approach Plates/Procedures Airport Directory of one kind or another (AFD or AOPA) Do you fly above 18KIf so high-enroute. Good to have if you have a turbo and might need one day. How long does it take to update the information Subscription What is included Is it priced by region/country Do I pay for everything ala-carte Hardware Features Can I buy my own hardware What is the warranty How is warranty work done What platform(PC/iPAD/Proprietary) Is an SSD Required (Do you fly above 10k’ regularly?) External USB port for Jeppesen / King updater Screen Brightness SUPER BRIGHT for Canopy Moderate Bright for Low Wing Regular screen for High Wing GPS Can the GPS be used in flight(AC 92.21) Does it work with your aircraft (Hi/low wing) How long does the battery last(Recommend a 4hr). Heavy use of transmitters Bluetooth , WiFi, or 3G limit battery life Weather (Is it an option) XM [ Paid ] ADS-B [Free ] What does the receiver cost Terrain(Is it an option) Do I need it Might already be in my 430/530. What is my total cost of ownership for the year CONCLUSION Since the advent of the computer age, the world has been tending more and more towards digitization and computerization of systems. The aviation industry has not been an exception to this and among the evidences that support this opinion is the emergence of EFB systems. While the total replacement of the use of traditional paper-based documents and reference material in the cockpit may not immediately be in sight, current trends seem to show that EFB systems are here to stay. Based on the arguments presented in this essay, it is safe to say that the implementation of EFB systems takes other factors into consideration in order to be effective and it will be of use for the aviator to be aware and consider some of those factors before venturing into investing in EFB systems. REFERENCES Isle of man Aircraft Registry 27th International Congress of the Aeronautical Sciences Bitterfield, Colin (2010) How to Select an Electronic Flight Bag (EFB) Available at: http://mooniacs.blogspot.com/2010/09/how-to-select-electronic-flight-bag-efb.html (Accessed: March 31, 2011) Smith, Dale (no date) What’s New With Electronic Flight Bags[Online] Available at: http://www.aeapilotsguide.com/pdf/03_Archive/AEAPG03EFBs.pdf (Accessed: March 31, 2011) Teledyne Controls (2010) Electronic Flight Bags (EFB) Available at: http://www.teledyne-controls.com/productsolution/efb/benefits.asp (Accessed: March 31, 2011) How to cite Electronic Flight Bags is a term used to describe a computer-based system, Essay examples

Ubiquitous Computing and Smart home

Question: Discuss about the Ubiquitous Computing and Smart home. Answer: Introduction The technique of Ubiquitous computing was first introduced in the year 1988 by Mark Weiser. Mark Weiser worked as a Chief Technologist at Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) (Van den Broek 2013). Mark Weiser identified the shift of the recent trend from traditional computing to micro computers and he wrote many papers in this subject in some of the papers he included John Seely Brown, a chief scientist of PARC to sketch the major outcomes of this type of computing (Hernandez-Castro and Avoine 2016). The term Ubiquitous Computing is used to define the concept where computers are used everywhere. The report discusses the application of Ubiquitous computing in the smart home. The interaction with computers with the human takes place in any condition or any location. The appliances that are used by the human beings can be integrated with embedded chips to connect the device with other network devices. For example the car appliances, coffee mugs, fridges etc. can be embedded with chips to connect the device with other devices on the network. Elements of Ubiquitous Computing Devices It consists of computing nodes and its size varies from miniature to large, input devices such as video input, voice input, touchpad or keypad input, display devices and it may be soft or hard surface display, storage devices slow or fast and communication devices wireless or wired (Dourish and Bell 2014). Communication Links It may be physical link or logical links and the physical links link consists of fixed wireless, mobile wireless, fixed wired or hybrid (Krumm 2016). Interfacing technologies There are different types of technologies used in ubiquitous computing such as touch panel technology, video interface technology, navigational technology, voice interface technology, hybrid technology and handwriting based interface (Langheinrich 2012). Ubiquitous Computing and Smart home Ubiquitous computing is essential for building a smart home; it helps the individual in automating the daily physical task of the person living in the home. The application of ubiquitous computing would make the life easy and help the individual to lead a more independent life. This is accomplished by presenting the innovation in the home (Lai et al. 2013). It can be applied at three levels, which are outer framework, fundamental utilities, and local apparatuses. Using ubiquitous computing the traditional system can be changed and enhances the quality of life by introducing technology in their life. This computing process used for the smart home can adapt itself according to the location. It behaves and interacts according to the nearby objects and peoples (Chung 2014). This system can also detect the change in its environment. Many projects have been researched and we can conclude that the smart home can make our life more easy and fluent. Many electronic devices suitable for buildi ng a smart home are developed using ubiquitous computing such as intelligent locks, plant watering monitor, controllable lights, floor sensor, motorized curtain, inhabitant identification devices, etc (Dawadi, Cook and Schmitter-Edgecombe 2013). The smart home requires to produce an environment where the technologies used could interact with each other without taking input from the user for multiple times. To make the device work with each other it is important to build the device in such a manner that they can communicate with each other through wireless or wired means. The devices are built to consume less power and reduce their size such that it is difficult the device to be detected (Viani et al. 2013). The device are designed according to the requirement and their workings, they can be embedded in the fabrics of the home and have no restriction for the natural movement of the resident. The device of the smart home is connected to a centrally controlled device from where the user can control and set different boundaries for the device (Kaye and Dourish 2014). The central control device may be personal desktop computer, Smartphone, laptops or any other handheld devices. There are many challenges faced during the application of Ubiquitous computing in the practical scenario (Li, Lee and Weng 2013). Mainly the challenges are faced in engineering and designing the system, modelling the system and to build the user interface design. The command-line, GUI based or menu-driven interaction models are inadequate for Ubiquitous computing (Martnez-Torres et al. 2015). When multiple devices are connected in the network and they communicate it could be a difficult process for the central device to convert the different format of communication signals. Data Distribution in Smart home The use of Ubiquitous computing in Smart home has recently grown at a rapid rate in the recent years. The introduction of Smart television has changed the interaction of the data and the audio and video recording technologies have improved. There is a need to centralize the system such that all the devices communicate with a single channel and the data should be distributed from the central device (Li, Lee and Weng 2013). The multimedia devices that are use in the smart home are controlled using a central controlling device that distributes the data gathered from the different ubiquitous devices and forwards the response to the destination device. Arduino microcontroller can be used to connect the devices to the web and make the device work as programmed (Hu and Li 2013). The sensors and the other devices are directly connected to the microcontroller and works according to the command given by it. The smart home appliances and the environment of the home can be controlled remotely by the house owner since each of the devices is connected to the web through the microcontroller. The Ubiquitous system can be of different types and they are categorized into three different forms such as: Dust: These are miniature devices and are developed without having output visual display and their size varies from nanometres to millimetres (Martnez-Torres et al. 2015). Some of the examples of this kind of devices are MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) Skin: Conductive polymers and light emitter can be induced with the fabrics to form an organic computer device (Hu and Li 2013). These devices are flexible and non-planar and can be used as a display surface. MEMS can be used in the product to make the product communicate with the other devices in the network. Clay: Multiple MEMS can be connected together to form an arbitrary three dimensional figure. It can be used in different objects for better interface connections. System Architecture of Smart home Figure 1: System Architecture of the Ubiquitous Smart home (Source: Viani et al. 2013) In the figure above a low cost environment for a smart home is shown in which all the devices and sensors are centrally connected with the Arduino Ethernet server (Chung 2014). The server is a microcontroller device and it is the main link between the devices and the user that is the user can interact with the devices through the server and change the settings according to the needs (Martnez-Torres et al. 2015). Smart home are the future of living environment, there is an increase in security in smart home. Intruder alert can be deployed in the smart home using the motion sensor and immediately alert the owner and the nearest police station and prevent burglary. Fire alarm can also be used in the smart home to increase the safety using gas and smoke sensor (Li, Lee and Weng 2013). The sensor alerts the owner if there is any gas leak in the kitchen or any smoke coming in any room and the owner can take immediate action. Automated door lock can also be used that makes the life of the o wner easy and he can have access to his house without using any keys. The owner can also check that if he had locked all the doors or not, if he has not locked the door he can lock it remotely (Lai et al. 2013). Smart home makes the life of a person easy the more power can be saved using the ubiquitous devices. The room temperature and lighting condition of the house change according to the weather condition and the timing (Chung 2014). The user can also manually adjust all the things or pre program the devices to work according to the choice of the owner. Result and Discussion There are different sensors and Radio Frequency Interface Devices (RFID) used in the smart home to make the device interconnected with each other (Viani et al. 2013). The smart home can assist the person living in the house like remind the person about the cricket match. The smart home opens new opportunity in the life of a person with the application of ubiquitous computing technology. It provides increase in the communication, functionality and the awareness (Kaye and Dourish 2014). There is a recent increase in the likelihood of the smart home and it is expected that there would be an increase in Smart home user in the upcoming years. There are a number of challenges faced for the implication of smart home they are mostly technical, pragmatic and social domain (Langheinrich 2012). These problems can be reduced when there would be increased smart home owners. The ubiquitous computing can be deployed in the real world in many of the fields; it can be applied to smart homes to automa te the room temperature and lighting condition of the rooms (Button et al. 2015). Different sensors are built using this technology and these sensors are applied in wide range of devices like the orientation sensor or proximity sensor of a mobile phone. There is a scope of future development of the smart home using ubiquitous computing (Baig and Gholamhosseini 2013). The smart home can act in case of a health emergency of the owner of the house and automatically communicate with the nearest hospital or service and thus can save the life of the owner. Conclusion The report discusses about the smart home developed using ubiquitous computing devices that can be controlled remotely and interact with each other and the owner of the house. The smart home system should be designed including the user of the system such that the requirement of the user is clearly understood. The devices are controlled by the owner of the house remotely using smart phone. All the devices and sensors used in the smart home are connected to a central microcontroller and the microcontroller is connected to the web servers. The connection can be wired or wireless connection the wireless connection is hassle free and it reduces the wiring cost the smart features are applied in an existing home. The ubiquitous computing is applied for the introduction of the devices and sensors and linking it with management software through which all the devices can be managed. References Baig, M.M. and Gholamhosseini, H., 2013. Smart health monitoring systems: an overview of design and modeling.Journal of medical systems,37(2), pp.1-14. Button, G., Crabtree, A., Rouncefield, M. and Tolmie, P., 2015. NewEthnography and Ubiquitous Computing. InDeconstructing Ethnography(pp. 61-84). Springer International Publishing. Chung, K.Y., 2014. Recent trends on convergence and ubiquitous computing.Personal and Ubiquitous Computing,18(6), pp.1291-1293. Dawadi, P.N., Cook, D.J. and Schmitter-Edgecombe, M., 2013. Automated cognitive health assessment using smart home monitoring of complex tasks.IEEE transactions on systems, man, and cybernetics: systems,43(6), pp.1302-1313. Dourish, P. and Bell, G., 2014. Resistance is futile: reading science fiction alongside ubiquitous computing.Personal and Ubiquitous Computing,18(4), pp.769-778. Hernandez-Castro, J. and Avoine, G., 2016, April. Cryptanalysis of ubiquitous computing systems. In2016 18th Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference (MELECON)(pp. 1-4). IEEE. Hu, Q. and Li, F., 2013. Hardware design of smart home energy management system with dynamic price response.IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,4(4), pp.1878-1887. Kaye, J. and Dourish, P., 2014. Special issue on science fiction and ubiquitous computing.Personal and Ubiquitous Computing,18(4), pp.765-766. Krumm, J. ed., 2016.Ubiquitous computing fundamentals. CRC Press. Lai, Y.X., Lai, C.F., Huang, Y.M. and Chao, H.C., 2013. Multi-appliance recognition system with hybrid SVM/GMM classifier in ubiquitous smart home.Information Sciences,230, pp.39-55. Langheinrich, M., 2012.Privacy in ubiquitous computing. Chapman Hall Crc. Li, C.T., Lee, C.C. and Weng, C.Y., 2013. An extended chaotic maps based user authentication and privacy preserving scheme against DoS attacks in pervasive and ubiquitous computing environments.Nonlinear Dynamics,74(4), pp.1133-1143. Martnez-Torres, M.D.R., Daz-Fernndez, M.D.C., Toral, S.L. and Barrero, F., 2015. The moderating role of prior experience in technological acceptance models for ubiquitous computing services in urban environments.Technological Forecasting and Social Change,91, pp.146-160. Van den Broek, E.L., 2013. Ubiquitous emotion-aware computing.Personal and Ubiquitous Computing,17(1), pp.53-67. Viani, F., Robol, F., Polo, A., Rocca, P., Oliveri, G. and Massa, A., 2013. Wireless architectures for heterogeneous sensing in smart home applications: Concepts and real implementation.Proceedings of the IEEE,101(11), pp.2381-2396.